Presence and distribution of specific prosome antigens change as a function of embryonic development and tissue-type differentiation in Pleurodeles waltl.

The prosomes, biochemically well characterized small RNA-protein complexes, found associated with mRNA in all eukaryotic cells tested, have been identified as maternal components in sea urchin and chick embryos. In this study, we investigated their presence and cytolocalization in the oocytes and embryos of Pleurodeles waltl by immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence, using monoclonal antibodies prepared against duck prosome proteins. Of the four antibodies tested, three recognized the corresponding antigens in oocyte total protein extracts. Immunofluorescence analysis, using the three prosomal antibodies, demonstrated a drastic change in the localization of the prosome antigens, which changed from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during oogenesis. In the nucleus, in diplotene stages, prosomal antigens appeared to be associated with the lampbrush chromosomes and the nuclear matrix. During embryogenesis, the subcellular distribution of the prosome antigens was a function of development and differentiation: in the cleavage stages up to the mid-blastula they were localized in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane, while in the late blastula, gastrula and neurula they were in the nucleus. Interestingly, one of the prosome antigens, p31K, was found to be in a different location in certain cells in the animal pole of the mid-blastula and was absent in the neural tissue in the neurula. In still later stages, in the free-swimming larva, all three antigens were localized in the cytoplasm, specifically in certain cell types in the epidermal tissues. Furthermore, they were sectorially distributed in the cytoplasm. These data taken together indicate the possible presence of tissue-type-specific prosome antigens in Pleurodeles. Differentiation-dependent subcellular localization of the prosome antigens suggests a cell-compartment-related multiple function of prosomes.